Optimizing Vertical Crystallization for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells by Buried Composite Layers

Planar-heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have experienced rapid evolution in recent years because of the low-temperature processing, suitable alignment, and high mobility tin oxide buried contact layer. However, improper SnO2 surface states poor crystallinity top films are still main obstacles for planar PSCs which performance always lags behind their mesoporous counterparts. Herein, a new is reported by introducing graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) into commonly used performs outstanding transmittance, conductivity, high-quality electron-transporting Moreover, vertical composition film manipulated rich amino groups on edge g-C3N4 nanosheets induce prenucleation lead-rich species at interface. Benefiting from contacts optimized layers, resultant achieve champion efficiency 21.5% with all photovoltaic parameters enhanced comparison control counterparts (<20%).